- 前言
- 环境准备:
- 1. 系统初始化:
- 1. 更改主机名
- 2. 关闭swap交换分区
- 3. 关闭selinux
- 4. 关闭防火墙
- 5. 调整文件打开数等配置
- 6. yum update 八仙过海各显神通吧,安装自己所需的习惯的应用
- 7. ipvs添加(centos8内核默认4.18.内核4.19不包括4.19的是用这个)
- 8. 优化系统参数(不一定是最优,各取所有)
- 9. containerd安装
- 10. 配置 CRI 客户端 crictl
- 11. 安装 Kubeadm(centos8没有对应yum源使用centos7的阿里云yum源)
- 12. 修改kubelet配置
- 13 . journal 日志相关避免日志重复搜集,浪费系统资源。修改systemctl启动的最小文件打开数量,关闭ssh反向dns解析.设置清理日志,最大200m(可根据个人需求设置)
- 2. master节点操作
- 3. helm 安装 部署cilium 与hubble(默认helm3了)
- 4. work节点部署
- 5. master节点验证
- 6. 其他
- 总结
前言
腾讯云绑定用户,开始使用过腾讯云的tke1.10版本。鉴于各种原因选择了自建。线上kubeadm自建kubernetes集群1.16版本(小版本升级到1.16.15)。kubeadm+haproxy+slb+flannel搭建高可用集群,集群启用ipvs。对外服务使用slb绑定traefik tcp 80 443端口对外映射(这是历史遗留问题,过去腾讯云slb不支持挂载多证书,这样也造成了无法使用slb的日志投递功能,现在slb已经支持了多证书的挂载,可以直接使用http http方式了)。生产环境当时搭建仓库没有使用腾讯云的块存储,直接使用cbs。直接用了local disk,还有nfs的共享存储。前几天整了个项目的压力测试,然后使用nfs存储的项目IO直接就飙升了。生产环境不建议使用。准备安装kubernetes 1.20版本,并使用cilium组网。hubble替代kube-proxy 体验一下ebpf。另外也直接上containerd。dockershim的方式确实也浪费资源的。这样也是可以减少资源开销,部署速度的。反正就是体验一下各种最新功能: 图片引用自:https://blog.kelu.org/tech/2020/10/09/the-diff-between-docker-containerd-runc-docker-shim.html
环境准备:
注:master节点4核心8G配置。work节点16核32G。腾讯云S5云主机 | 主机名 | ip | 系统 | 内核 | | — | — | — | — | | sh-master-01 | 10.3.2.5 | centos8 | 4.18.0-240.15.1.el8_3.x86_64 | | sh-master-02 | 10.3.2.13 | centos8 | 4.18.0-240.15.1.el8_3.x86_64 | | sh-master-03 | 10.3.2.16 | centos8 | 4.18.0-240.15.1.el8_3.x86_64 | | sh-work-01 | 10.3.2.2 | centos8 | 4.18.0-240.15.1.el8_3.x86_64 | | sh-work-02 | 10.3.2.3 | centos8 | 4.18.0-240.15.1.el8_3.x86_64 | | sh-work-03 | 10.3.2.4 | centos8 | 4.18.0-240.15.1.el8_3.x86_64 |
注: 用centos8是为了懒升级内核版本了。centos7内核版本3.10确实有些老了。但是同样的centos8 kubernetes源是没有的,只能使用centos7的源。 VIP slb地址:10.3.2.12(因为内网没有使用域名的需求,直接用了传统型内网负载,为了让slb映射端口与本地端口一样中间加了一层haproxy代理本地6443.然后slb代理8443端口为6443.)。
1. 系统初始化:
注:由于环境是部署在公有云的,使用了懒人方法。直接初始化了一台server.然后其他的直接都是复制的方式搭建的。
1. 更改主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname sh-master-01
cat /etc/hosts
就是举个例子了。我的host文件只在三台master节点写了,work节点都没有写的…….
2. 关闭swap交换分区
swapoff -a
sed -i 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
3. 关闭selinux
setenforce 0
sed -i "s/^SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/sysconfig/selinux
sed -i "s/^SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config
sed -i "s/^SELINUX=permissive/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/sysconfig/selinux
sed -i "s/^SELINUX=permissive/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config
4. 关闭防火墙
systemctl disable --now firewalld
chkconfig firewalld off
5. 调整文件打开数等配置
cat> /etc/security/limits.conf <<EOF
* soft nproc 1000000
* hard nproc 1000000
* soft nofile 1000000
* hard nofile 1000000
* soft memlock unlimited
* hard memlock unlimited
EOF
当然了这里最好的其实是/etc/security/limits.d目录下生成一个新的配置文件。避免修改原来的总配置文件、这也是推荐使用的方式。
6. yum update 八仙过海各显神通吧,安装自己所需的习惯的应用
yum update
yum -y install gcc bc gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel cmake elfutils-libelf-devel openssl-devel flex* bison* autoconf automake zlib* fiex* libxml* ncurses-devel libmcrypt* libtool-ltdl-devel* make cmake pcre pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel jemalloc-devel tlc libtool vim unzip wget lrzsz bash-comp* ipvsadm ipset jq sysstat conntrack libseccomp conntrack-tools socat curl wget git conntrack-tools psmisc nfs-utils tree bash-completion conntrack libseccomp net-tools crontabs sysstat iftop nload strace bind-utils tcpdump htop telnet lsof
7. ipvs添加(centos8内核默认4.18.内核4.19不包括4.19的是用这个)
:> /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf
module=(
ip_vs
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_sh
br_netfilter
)
for kernel_module in ${module[@]};do
/sbin/modinfo -F filename $kernel_module |& grep -qv ERROR && echo $kernel_module >> /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf || :
done
内核大于等于4.19的
:> /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf
module=(
ip_vs
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_sh
nf_conntrack
br_netfilter
)
for kernel_module in ${module[@]};do
/sbin/modinfo -F filename $kernel_module |& grep -qv ERROR && echo $kernel_module >> /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf || :
done
这个地方我想我开不开ipvs应该没有多大关系了吧? 因为我网络组件用的cilium hubble。网络用的是ebpf。没有用iptables ipvs吧?至于配置ipvs算是原来部署养成的习惯 加载ipvs模块
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now systemd-modules-load.service
查询ipvs是否加载
# lsmod | grep ip_vs
ip_vs_sh 16384 0
ip_vs_wrr 16384 0
ip_vs_rr 16384 0
ip_vs 172032 6 ip_vs_rr,ip_vs_sh,ip_vs_wrr
nf_conntrack 172032 6 xt_conntrack,nf_nat,xt_state,ipt_MASQUERADE,xt_CT,ip_vs
nf_defrag_ipv6 20480 4 nf_conntrack,xt_socket,xt_TPROXY,ip_vs
libcrc32c 16384 3 nf_conntrack,nf_nat,ip_vs
8. 优化系统参数(不一定是最优,各取所有)
cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_stale_time = 120
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 1024
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
# 要求iptables不对bridge的数据进行处理
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 2310720
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100
fs.may_detach_mounts = 1
fs.file-max = 52706963
fs.nr_open = 52706963
vm.overcommit_memory=1
vm.panic_on_oom=0
vm.swappiness = 0
EOF
sysctl --system
9. containerd安装
dnf 与yum centos8的变化,具体的自己去看了呢。差不多吧…….
dnf install dnf-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
sudo yum update -y && sudo yum install -y containerd.io
containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml
# 替换 containerd 默认的 sand_box 镜像,编辑 /etc/containerd/config.toml
sandbox_image = "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2"
# 重启containerd
$ systemctl daemon-reload
$ systemctl restart containerd
其他的配置一个是启用SystemdCgroup另外一个是添加了本地镜像库,账号密码(直接使用了腾讯云的仓库)。
10. 配置 CRI 客户端 crictl
cat <<EOF > /etc/crictl.yaml
runtime-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
image-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
timeout: 10
debug: false
EOF
# 验证是否可用(可以顺便验证一下私有仓库)
crictl pull nginx:alpine
crictl rmi nginx:alpine
crictl images
11. 安装 Kubeadm(centos8没有对应yum源使用centos7的阿里云yum源)
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
# 删除旧版本,如果安装了
yum remove kubeadm kubectl kubelet kubernetes-cni cri-tools socat
# 查看所有可安装版本 下面两个都可以啊
# yum list --showduplicates kubeadm --disableexcludes=kubernetes
# 安装指定版本用下面的命令
# yum -y install kubeadm-1.20.5 kubectl-1.20.5 kubelet-1.20.5
or
# yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl --disableexcludes=kubernetes
# 默认安装最新稳定版,当前版本1.20.5
yum install kubeadm
# 开机自启
systemctl enable kubelet.service
12. 修改kubelet配置
vi /etc/sysconfig/kubelet
KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS= --cgroup-driver=systemd --container-runtime=remote --container-runtime-endpoint=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
13 . journal 日志相关避免日志重复搜集,浪费系统资源。修改systemctl启动的最小文件打开数量,关闭ssh反向dns解析.设置清理日志,最大200m(可根据个人需求设置)
sed -ri 's/^\$ModLoad imjournal/#&/' /etc/rsyslog.conf
sed -ri 's/^\$IMJournalStateFile/#&/' /etc/rsyslog.conf
sed -ri 's/^#(DefaultLimitCORE)=/\1=100000/' /etc/systemd/system.conf
sed -ri 's/^#(DefaultLimitNOFILE)=/\1=100000/' /etc/systemd/system.conf
sed -ri 's/^#(UseDNS )yes/\1no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
journalctl --vacuum-size=200M
2. master节点操作
1 . 安装haproxy
yum install haproxy
cat <<EOF > /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Example configuration for a possible web application. See the
# full configuration options online.
#
# http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.4/doc/configuration.txt
#
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Global settings
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
global
# to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will
# need to:
#
# 1) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done
# by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
#
# 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log
# file. A line like the following can be added to
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
#
# local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log
#
log 127.0.0.1 local2
chroot /var/lib/haproxy
pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid
maxconn 4000
user haproxy
group haproxy
daemon
# turn on stats unix socket
stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will
# use if not designated in their block
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
defaults
mode tcp
log global
option tcplog
option dontlognull
option http-server-close
option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8
option redispatch
retries 3
timeout http-request 10s
timeout queue 1m
timeout connect 10s
timeout client 1m
timeout server 1m
timeout http-keep-alive 10s
timeout check 10s
maxconn 3000
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# main frontend which proxys to the backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
frontend kubernetes
bind *:8443 #配置端口为8443
mode tcp
default_backend kubernetes
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# static backend for serving up images, stylesheets and such
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
backend kubernetes #后端服务器,也就是说访问10.3.2.12:6443会将请求转发到后端的三台,这样就实现了负载均衡
balance roundrobin
server master1 10.3.2.5:6443 check maxconn 2000
server master2 10.3.2.13:6443 check maxconn 2000
server master3 10.3.2.16:6443 check maxconn 2000
EOF
systemctl enable haproxy && systemctl start haproxy && systemctl status haproxy
嗯 slb绑定端口
2. sh-master-01节点初始化
1.生成config配置文件
kubeadm config print init-defaults > config.yaml
下面的图就是举个例子…….
2. 修改kubeadm初始化文件
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:
- system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
ttl: 24h0m0s
usages:
- signing
- authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
advertiseAddress: 10.3.2.5
bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
criSocket: /run/containerd/containerd.sock
name: sh-master-01
taints:
- effect: NoSchedule
key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
---
apiServer:
timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
certSANs:
- sh-master-01
- sh-master-02
- sh-master-03
- sh-master.k8s.io
- localhost
- 127.0.0.1
- 10.3.2.5
- 10.3.2.13
- 10.3.2.16
- 10.3.2.12
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controlPlaneEndpoint: "10.3.2.12:6443"
controllerManager: {}
dns:
type: CoreDNS
etcd:
local:
dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.20.5
networking:
dnsDomain: xx.daemon
serviceSubnet: 172.254.0.0/16
podSubnet: 172.3.0.0/16
scheduler: {}
修改的地方在下图中做了标识
3. kubeadm master-01节点初始化(屏蔽kube-proxy)。
kubeadm init --skip-phases=addon/kube-proxy --config=config.yaml
安装成功截图就忽略了,后写的笔记没有保存截图。成功的日志中包含
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
按照输出sh-master-02 ,sh-master-03节点加入集群
将sh-master-01 /etc/kubernetes/pki目录下ca.* sa.* front-proxy-ca.* etcd/ca* 打包分发到sh-master-02,sh-master-03 /etc/kubernetes/pki目录下
kubeadm join 10.3.2.12:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:eb0fe00b59fa27f82c62c91def14ba294f838cd0731c91d0d9c619fe781286b6 --control-plane
然后同sh-master-01一样执行一遍下面的命令:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo \cp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
3. helm 安装 部署cilium 与hubble(默认helm3了)
1. 下载helm并安装helm
注: 由于网络原因。下载helm安装包下载不动经常,直接github下载到本地了
tar zxvf helm-v3.5.3-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cp helm /usr/bin/
2 . helm 安装cilium hubble
早先版本 cilium 与hubble是分开的现在貌似都集成了一波流走一遍:
helm install cilium cilium/cilium --version 1.9.5
--namespace kube-system
--set nodeinit.enabled=true
--set externalIPs.enabled=true
--set nodePort.enabled=true
--set hostPort.enabled=true
--set pullPolicy=IfNotPresent
--set config.ipam=cluster-pool
--set hubble.enabled=true
--set hubble.listenAddress=":4244"
--set hubble.relay.enabled=true
--set hubble.metrics.enabled="{dns,drop,tcp,flow,port-distribution,icmp,http}"
--set prometheus.enabled=true
--set peratorPrometheus.enabled=true
--set hubble.ui.enabled=true
--set kubeProxyReplacement=strict
--set k8sServiceHost=10.3.2.12
--set k8sServicePort=6443
部署成功就是这样的 嗯 木有kube-proxy的(截图是work加点加入后的故node-init cilium pod都有6个)
4. work节点部署
sh-work-01 sh-work-02 sh-work-03节点加入集群
kubeadm join 10.3.2.12:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:eb0fe00b59fa27f82c62c91def14ba294f838cd0731c91d0d9c619fe781286b6
5. master节点验证
随便一台master节点 。默认master-01节点 容易出错 的地方
- 关于slb绑定。绑定一台server然后kubeadm init是容易出差的 slb 端口与主机端口一样。自己连自己是不可以的….不明觉厉。试了好几次。最后绑定三个都先启动了haproxy。
- cilium依赖于BPF要先确认下系统是否挂载了BPF文件系统(我的是检查了默认启用了)
[root@sh-master-01 manifests]# mount |grep bpf bpf on /sys/fs/bpf type bpf (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,mode=700)
3.关于kubernetes的配置Cgroup设置与containerd一直都用了system,记得检查
KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS= --cgroup-driver=systemd --container-runtime=remote --container-runtime-endpoint=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
-
在 kube-controller-manager 中使能 PodCIDR
在 controller-manager.config 中添加
--allocate-node-cidrs=true
6. 其他
1. 验证下hubble hubble ui
kubectl edit svc hubble-ui -n kube-system
修改为NodePort 先测试一下。后面会用traefik代理 work or master节点随便一个公网IP+nodeport访问
2 .将ETCDCTL工具部署在容器外
很多时候要用etcdctl还要进入容器 比较麻烦,把etcdctl工具直接提取到master01节点docker有copy的命令 containerd不会玩了 直接github仓库下载etcdctl ``` tar zxvf etcd-v3.4.15-linux-amd64.tar.gz cd etcd-v3.4.15-linux-amd64/ cp etcdctl /usr/local/bin/etcdctl
cat >/etc/profile.d/etcd.sh«‘EOF’ ETCD_CERET_DIR=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ ETCD_CA_FILE=ca.crt ETCD_KEY_FILE=healthcheck-client.key ETCD_CERT_FILE=healthcheck-client.crt ETCD_EP=https://10.3.2.5:2379,https://10.3.2.13:2379,https://10.3.2.16:2379
alias etcd_v3=”ETCDCTL_API=3
etcdctl
–cert ${ETCD_CERET_DIR}/${ETCD_CERT_FILE}
–key ${ETCD_CERET_DIR}/${ETCD_KEY_FILE}
–cacert ${ETCD_CERET_DIR}/${ETCD_CA_FILE}
–endpoints $ETCD_EP”
EOF
source /etc/profile.d/etcd.sh
```
验证etcd
etcd_v3 endpoint status –write-out=table
总结
综合以上。基本环境算是安装完了,由于文章是后写的,可能有些地方没有写清楚,想起来了再补呢